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By N2H
欢迎拉夫乌韦科斯特的个人网站: MMOs ,游戏,写作,艺术,音乐,书籍。

Online is more intense 在线是更激烈

October 18th, 2007 07年10月十八日

Newswise Social and Behavioral Sciences News | Online Multiplayer Video Games Create Greater Negative Consequences, Elicit Greater Enjoyment than Traditional Video Games Among Students Newswise社会和行为科学新闻|在线多人视频游戏创造更大的消极后果,争取更大的享受比传统的视频游戏的学生

While both multiplayer and traditional single player video games present a double-edged sword, Smyth’s research found that online, socially integrated multiplayer games create greater negative consequences (decreased health, well-being, sleep, socialization and academic work) but also garner far greater positive results (greater enjoyment in playing, increased interest in continuing play and a rise in the acquisition of new friendships) than do single-player games.虽然双方多人和传统的单人游戏视频游戏本是一柄双刃剑,史密斯的研究发现,网上,社会综合多人游戏创造更大的消极后果(减少健康,福祉,睡眠,社会和学术工作) ,而且还获得更大的积极成果(享受更大的发挥,增加兴趣继续发挥和提高购置新的友谊)比单一的游戏。 The study is published in the October 2007 issue of the bimonthly peer-reviewed journal CyberPyschology & Behavior (Vol. 10, No. 5: 717–721).这项研究发表在2007年10月期双月刊同行评审杂志CyberPyschology与行为(第10 ,第5号: 717-721 ) 。

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Reader Comments 读者评论
  1. Andrew Wooldridge said on 安德鲁伍尔德里奇说,

    So, perhaps coming up with an MMO that has a real-world socialization component might be the best of both worlds.因此,或许今后同一个网络游戏具有真实世界的社会组成部分可能是两全其美。 You might start out on an mmo by yourself, but perhaps having critical aspects of the game work only in a face to face context…你可能会开始时对网络游戏的自己,但也许有关键方面的游戏的工作只有在面对面的背景...

  2. Tarek said on 塔里克说,

    I’d love to see the study and see if it tracked socialization, health, well being, sleep, etc for those who participated in the study before they got involved with MMORPGs… in other words, did the researchers find that MMORPGs exacerbate or mitigate existing behavioral patterns?我很想见的研究和看它是否跟踪社会,健康,幸福,睡眠等对那些谁参加了这项研究之前,他们有参与游戏...换言之,没有研究人员发现,游戏加剧或减轻现有的行为模式?

    And does this pattern continue as involvement with an MMORPG lengthens… does someone who’s played the same game for years exhibit the same sort of tendencies, or is the effect mitigated over time?而且这种格局继续作为一个参与游戏...不长的人谁在发挥同样的游戏来展示相同种类的倾向,或减轻的影响随着时间的推移?

  3. Inhibitor said on 抑制剂说,

    The first thing we learned when I was in my senior year at college, majoring in Public Relations, was that any study or survey can be designed to give the results desired (or the results can be interpreted to back up whatever pre-conceived hypothesis you may already have if you’re not careful).的第一件事,我们学到了当我在我的高级一年上大学,主修公共关系,是任何研究或调查可以旨在使理想的结果(或的结果可以解释为备份任何预先设想的假设你可能已经如果你不小心) 。 As a result, I don’t pay much attention to various studies…they tend to be somewhat lacking in real-world application.因此,我不重视各种研究...他们往往是一些缺乏真实世界的应用程序。

    Case in point…the real news in this study was that they’ve perfected time-travel, since obviously they took a group of students back to the year 2000 to do the research.典型的例子...真正的消息,这项研究的是,他们已经完善,时间旅行,因为很明显,他们采取了一群学生回到2000年做的研究。 According to Associated Press, the study was conducted as follows:据美联社报道,这项研究进行了如下:

    Smyth divided 100 student volunteers randomly into four groups.史密斯分为100个学生志愿者随机分为4组。 One got tokens to play at a local arcade, a second played the adventure game “Gauntlet: Dark Legacy” on a Sony Corp. PlayStation 2 console and the third played role-playing game “Diablo II” on computers.一个获得令牌发挥在当地商场,第二次扮演冒险游戏“圣铠传说:黑暗遗产”的索尼公司PlayStation 2游戏机和第三发挥角色扮演游戏“暗黑破坏神II ”的电脑上。

    Only the fourth group, which played MMORPG “Dark Age of Camelot,” also on computers, had online interaction.只有第四组,发挥游戏“科南时代” ,也是在电脑上,已在线互动。

    It seems to me that the researchers seemed to think that “a game is a game is a game”, and that games several years old would have the same effect (and give the same results) as current offerings.在我看来,研究人员似乎认为, “比赛是比赛是一种游戏” ,这几场比赛岁也具有同样的效果(并给出了相同的结果)为现有的产品。 Shouldn’t it have been conducted with arcade games, Halo 3, Portal and World of Warcraft?如果不是已经进行游戏,光环3 ,门户和魔兽世界?

    While I agree with their conclusions for the most part, I have to question just how much the research team knew about the subject they were studying…unless there existed some reason to use various representatives of the last generation of games.虽然我同意他们的结论在大多数情况下,我不得不问题只是多少的研究小组知道这个问题,他们正在研究...除非存在着某种原因,利用各种代表的上一代游戏。

    Link to AP article here. 链接到美联社的文章在这里。

  4. JuJutsu said on 柔术

    “The first thing we learned when I was in my senior year at college, majoring in Public Relations…” “首先,我们了解到当我在我的高级一年上大学,主修公共关系... ”

    Well if you learned it in a senior PR class it must be true.那么如果你的经验教训在一个高级公关类,必须是真实的。 Darn shame all those scientists never took the class, think of all the wasted years they could’ve saved.织补耻辱所有这些科学家们从来没有阶级,认为所有的浪费,他们可能已经储存。

  5. David Stocker said on 大卫斯托克说,

    I’ve seen the same thing in hard science.我看过同样的事情在硬科学。 When I was a graduate student, I’ve seen scientists, even good ones whose work I highly respected, be a bit… shall we say… cavalier about interpreting data.当我还是一个研究生,我见过的科学家,甚至优秀人才的工作我非常尊重,有点...我们应该...傲慢的解释数据。 They can often dismiss data that does not support their hypothesis as “bad data”.他们往往可以撤销的数据,不支持他们的假说是“坏数据” 。 Yes, I’ve seen teams with papers in Nature and Science do this.是的,我见过队论文自然和科学做到这一点。 They mean well.以及他们的意思。 They are not cooking the books or falsifying data.他们不是烹饪的书籍或伪造数据。 There are real live judgment calls on the quality of data, even in the world of hard science and those judgment calls often error on the side of supporting the hypothesis.有真正的活判决要求数据的质量,甚至在世界上的硬科学和这些要求往往判断错误的一方支持的假说。

    The pressure to publish or perish works directly against the scientific principle.压力发布或亡直接对工程的科学原则。 In reality, you can’t publish a “we had this hypothesis, but it turns out that the data did not support it” paper, but only ones with positive results.在现实中,您不能发布“我们这一假说,但结果表明,该数据并未支持它”的文件,但只取得了积极成果。

  6. David Stocker said on 大卫斯托克说,

    I should add that this was in the context of Biology and Biophysics at the cellular level.我要补充说,这是在生物学和生物在细胞水平。 The experiments themselves are highly prone to trouble; contamination, fluorescent markers affecting the property being measured, etc. The judgment calls have wider latitude in wet work than elsewhere.实验本身是非常容易发生故障;污染,影响荧光标记的财产被用来衡量等判决要求有更广泛的纬度在潮湿的工作比其他地方。

  7. Morgan Ramsay said on 摩根拉姆齐说,

    Well if you learned it in a senior PR class it must be true.那么如果你的经验教训在一个高级公关类,必须是真实的。 Darn shame all those scientists never took the class, think of all the wasted years they could’ve saved.织补耻辱所有这些科学家们从来没有阶级,认为所有的浪费,他们可能已经储存。

    Ironically, social scientists have researched a process called “framing.” The problem is not the research though.讽刺的是,社会科学家们研究这个过程被称为“取景。 ”问题不在于研究虽然。 The problems are actually with the necessity of fundraising for scientific research and with the misuse of scientific research in decision making.这些问题实际上是与必要性,筹款为科学研究和滥用科研决策。 Framing the results of research to ignite controversy is an all-too-common tactic used to demonstrate public interest in the research to grantors.帧的研究结果引发争议,是一种十分常见的手法来表现出公众利益的研究,以保人。 Likewise, relying on research to direct decision making is also an all-too-common practice.同样,依赖于研究直接决策也是一种十分常见的做法。

  8. JuJutsu said on 柔术说,

    @David @大卫
    There are always judgement calls to be made both in designing research总有一些判断要求必须在设计研究
    and in interpretation of results.在解释的结果。 That’s why transparency and the ability这就是为什么透明度和能力
    to replicate are so important in science, both natural and social.复制是非常重要的科学,自然和社会。

    @Morgan @摩根
    Yup.烨。 The fact that orthodox economists are always looking for any flaw事实上,正统的经济学家们一直在寻找任何漏洞
    in research on cognitive framing has always kept people like Kahneman在研究认知框架一直保持这样的人卡尼曼
    & Tversky on their toes. &特沃斯基的脚趾。

    As a practicing social scientist, I’m painfully aware of the pitfalls作为一个修炼的社会科学家,我痛苦地意识到陷阱
    that await a researcher; and sometimes even if you’re aware of it a等待研究员; ,有时即使你已经知道了
    problem can’t be avoided.问题不能回避的。

    But to claim that “any study or survey can be designed to give the但是,声称“任何研究或调查可设计,使
    results desired (or the results can be interpreted to back up whatever结果期望(或的结果可以解释为备份什么
    pre-conceived hypothesis you may already have…”?预先设想的假设你可能已经... “ ? I call BS.我呼吁学士学位。

    A critique of a study is one thing, a blanket dismissal of of scientific批评研究是一回事,一条毯子解雇的科学
    research is quite another研究又是另一回事

  9. Ola Fosheim Grøstad said on 奥拉Fosheim Grøstad说,

    David: I should add that this was in the context of Biology and Biophysics at the cellular level. 大卫:我要补充说,这是在生物学和生物在细胞水平。 The experiments themselves are highly prone to trouble; contamination, fluorescent markers affecting the property being measured, etc. The judgment calls have wider latitude in wet work than elsewhere. 实验本身是非常容易发生故障;污染,影响荧光标记的财产被用来衡量等判决要求有更广泛的纬度在潮湿的工作比其他地方。

    Your observation isn’t specific for Biophysics, it’s probably even more visible in social sciences which can be exceedingly interpretative and thus close in on philosophy… You are right.您的看法是不特定的生物,可能甚至更明显的社会科学可以解释非常接近,从而在哲学...您是正确的。 Academia as a system is encouraging hypocrisy.学术界作为一个系统是令人鼓舞的虚伪。 1) Collect data. 1 )收集数据。 2) Realize that the data isn’t telling you what you need. 2 )实现的数据不会告诉你你需要什么。 3) Concoct something theoretical about it anyway, something that is in line with existing contemporary or fashionable research. 3 )编造一些有关它的理论无论如何,这是符合现有的或时髦的当代研究。 4) Wrap it all up in a rhetorical manner which makes it look better than it is, without leaving the reader with any substance, but a feeling of substance anyway because the discussion is seemingly thorough, then exit by telling the reader that this research is important because it shows that we need more research on this particular topic. 4 )总结这一切在一个修辞方式使得外观优于它,而无需离开读者的任何物质,但感觉还是实质的讨论,因为似乎是彻底的,然后退出告诉读者,本研究重要的,因为它表明,我们需要进行更多的研究对这一特定主题。 A rhetorical game which brings many good people with integrity to despair.一个修辞游戏,带来了许多善良的人与完整性绝望。

    The world would have been better if data and competing interpretation and theories were published on wikis in a collaborative manner… Maybe in 500 years.世界会更好,如果数据和相互竞争的理论解释和出版了关于维基以合作的方式...也许在500年。

    ((Do we really need research to figure out that social games are engaging and time-consuming..?)) ( (我们真的需要研究,以找出社会游戏的吸引力和费时的..?))

  10. Inhibitor said on 抑制剂说,

    Just for the record, I was not attempting to give a “blanket dismissal of scientific research” in any way.仅仅是为了记录,我并不试图给一个“一揽子解雇科学研究”以任何方式。 I do, however, stand by the statement you quoted from my post:不过,我站在你的声明援引从我的职务:

    “any study or survey can be designed to give the “任何研究或调查可设计,使
    results desired (or the results can be interpreted to back up whatever结果期望(或的结果可以解释为备份什么
    pre-conceived hypothesis you may already have…”预先设想的假设你可能已经... “

    I’m sorry, but this is a true statement.我很抱歉,但是这是一个真正的声明。 I am not saying that this happens every time, with every scientific undertaking, and no where within my post did I say that.我并不是说这种情况每一次,而每一项科学事业,并没有在我那里后我说。 However, I would be interested in your example of a study or survey that can NOT be designed to give the results desired, or have the results interpreted to back up whatever pre-conceived hypothesis the scientific team already has in place.然而,我将有兴趣在您的范例,研究或调查,不能为了使理想的结果,或者结果的解释来支持任何预先设想的假设的科学团队已经到位。

    That is the statement you have, as you so eloquently put it, “called BS” on…which means, of course, that there is an example that proves otherwise.这是你的发言,你如此雄辩地说, “所谓的学士学位”的...这意味着,当然,有一个例子,证明并非如此。 Again, re-read what I said…I did not say that this is the case in every study…I DID, however, give my opinion on the matter.同样,重新阅读我所说的...我没有说这是在每一个案例研究...我没有,但给我的意见。 There are many scientists and sociologists that do their best to make sure they get the most accurate results possible…there are just as many that do what it takes to get funding, support or interest.有许多科学家和社会学家认为尽其能,以确保他们得到最准确的结果...可能有同样多的那些需要采取哪些措施来获得资金,支持或利益。

    I agree that a blanket dismissal of scientific research isn’t called for, but neither is a blind adherence to every study conducted, with open arms and a welcoming attitude.我同意,一律开除科学研究不要求,但也不是一个盲目坚持一切进行的研究,张开双臂和欢迎的态度。

  11. Morgan Ramsay said on 摩根拉姆齐说,

    A critique of a study is one thing, a blanket dismissal of of scientific research is quite another批评研究是一回事,一条毯子解雇的科学研究又是另一回事

    As he pointed out in his defense, he only said “any study or survey can be [framed]“.他指出在他的防守,他只说: “任何研究或调查可以 [框架] ” 。

    I also agree with the following:我也同意如下:

    I agree that a blanket dismissal of scientific research isn’t called for, but neither is a blind adherence to every study conducted, with open arms and a welcoming attitude.我同意,一律开除科学研究不要求,但也不是一个盲目坚持一切进行的研究,张开双臂和欢迎的态度。

    Scientists are investigators.科学家们正在调查。 Everything is suspect.一切是令人怀疑的。

    Do we really need research to figure out that social games are engaging and time-consuming?我们真的需要研究,以找出社会游戏的吸引力和费时的?

    No, but we need research to confirm our suspicions.没有,但我们需要研究,证实了我们的疑惑。

  12. Ola Fosheim Grøstad said on 奥拉Fosheim Grøstad

    No, but we need research to confirm our suspicions. 没有,但我们需要研究,证实了我们的疑惑。

    Really?真的吗? I don’t sense this need in me, I might need new perspectives, that might be useful… And what makes my (and your) research “suspicions” and this researchers findings not “suspicions”?我不感觉这需要我,我可能需要新的观点,这可能是有用的...什么让我(和你)研究“疑惑” ,这个研究结果不是“怀疑” ? Anyone who studies virtual worlds over a long period of time (even in their leisure) gather data and analyze their findings continuously.任何谁研究了虚拟世界在很长一段时间(即使是在休闲)收集数据和分析结果不断。 The difference between this and a so-called formal study isn’t earth-shattering.区别和所谓的正式研究并非惊天动地。 When are you willing to elevate something from “suspicion” to useful?当你愿意提高一些,由“怀疑” ,以有用吗? When it is turned into countable units?当它变成单位数? There is more to describing reality than positivism.还有更多的描述现实比实证。

    And, how can you trust the findings from a limited laboratory experiment to apply to NEW games?而且,你怎么能信任的调查结果从一个有限的实验,以适用于新的游戏吗? That would be quite unscientific, wouldn’t it?这将是相当不科学的,不是吗? “All swans are white” and so on, except in Australia. “所有天鹅都是白色的”等等,除非是在澳大利亚。 The (positivistic) scientific method would only hold under the assumptions that what is being studied is stable and easily measurable.该(实证)科学的方法,只会举行的假设是什么正在研究稳定和易于衡量。 Games aren’t, gamers aren’t, culture isn’t.奥运会不是,不是游戏,文化并非如此。

    Note: all (useful) research of complex social phenomena have a strong subjective component.注:所有(有用)研究复杂的社会现象具有强烈的主观成分。 It’sa peculiar perspective, which might be useful, but not The Truth.这是一个特殊的角度来看,这可能是有用的,但不是真理。 Research does not provide the truth, at best a (limited) possible truth and hopefully a plausible explanation expressed in terms of causality.研究并没有提供事实,充其量只是(有限)可能的真相并且希望合理的解释表示方面的因果关系。 Though, this is difficult to establish in the social realm, and thus it becomes a interpretative (highly subjective) layer.虽然,这是很难建立在社会领域,从而成为一个解释性(主观)层。

  13. Inhibitor said on 抑制剂说,

    Note: all (useful) research of complex social phenomena have a strong subjective component.注:所有(有用)研究复杂的社会现象具有强烈的主观成分。 It’sa peculiar perspective, which might be useful, but not The Truth.这是一个特殊的角度来看,这可能是有用的,但不是真理。 Research does not provide the truth, at best a (limited) possible truth and hopefully a plausible explanation expressed in terms of causality.研究并没有提供事实,充其量只是(有限)可能的真相并且希望合理的解释表示方面的因果关系。 Though, this is difficult to establish in the social realm, and thus it becomes a interpretative (highly subjective) layer.虽然,这是很难建立在社会领域,从而成为一个解释性(主观)层。

    Okay…this is what I wish I had said.好吧...这就是希望我说。 Here here!这里这里!

  14. Morgan Ramsay said on 摩根拉姆齐说,

    Really?真的吗? I don’t sense this need in me …我不感觉这需要我...

    Debating the merits of the scientific method is a discussion worth having in only the right circles.辩论的实质问题的科学方法,是一个值得讨论中,只有正确的圈子。 For the most part, this level of critical thought is esoteric and best left to scientists.在大多数情况下,这一级别的重要思想是深奥和最好留给科学家。 With that, I shall quote an unnamed scientist:就这样,我将引用未具名的科学家:

    Gödelian incompleteness and Popperian falsifiability together necessitate that outside of a formal system of limited application, a “truth”, to have any measure of rational support, must by necessity, always be provisional, incomplete and falsifiable, in other words, there must always, at least hypothetically, exist some evidence which would permit that supposed truth to be rejected. Gödelian不完备和按波普尔以前falsifiability共同需要的外部正式制度的适用范围有限,一个“真相” ,有任何程度的合理的支持,必须根据需要,永远是临时的,不完整和证伪的,换句话说,就必须一如既往,至少理论上,存在着一些证据,将允许这理应真相被拒绝。 This implies that outside of formal systems, the truth of a thing is not an absolute, but encompasses a range of probabilities which will have varying truth values (ie from “false” through “insufficient evidence to adduce a truth value” to “true”) depending on the evidence for or against such a thing.这意味着,境外的正式系统,真实的东西不是绝对的,而是包含了一系列的概率将有不同的真值(即从“假”到“足够的证据举出一个真理的价值” ,以“真” )根据证据支持或反对这样的事情。

    All belief is essentially irrational, as belief can only occur where acceptance is not compelled, for if acceptance is compelled, then belief is not required to accept that thing.所有的信仰基本上是不合理的,因为信仰只能发生在接受不强迫,如果接受强迫,然后信仰并不需要接受的事情。 Belief is thus the acceptance of some thing as being provisionally true where: contradictory evidence exists which throws doubt upon or compels the rejection of the thing being accepted as truth; or where insufficient evidence exists to compel or suggest acceptance of the thing as truth.因此,信仰的接受一些东西暂时真正如:自相矛盾的证据存在疑问的全时或迫使拒绝接受事情的真相;或证据不足,存在强制或暗示接受的事情真相。

    All “truths” are incomplete, provisional and falsifiable.所有的“真理”是不完整的,临时的,证伪的。 Anything that is provisionally true is at least theoretically falsifiable.什么是真正的是暂时至少在理论上证伪。 The scientific method is the only effective means to establish provisional truths.科学的方法是唯一有效的手段来建立临时的真理。 Irrational belief is not a component of the scientific method.非理性的信念不是一个组成部分,科学的方法。 Rejection of evidence is not a rational action.排异反应的证据不是一个理性的行动。 Fabrication of evidence is not a rational action.制备的证据不是一个理性的行动。

    …and that is why all properly conducted scientific research is more trustworthy than instinct and untrained observation, why criminal investigators are not immediately persuaded by testimony, and why most civilized people in this world do not still burn witches at the stake. ...这就是为什么所有适当进行科学研究是不是更值得信赖的本能和未受过训练的观察,为什么刑事调查人员没有立即说服的证词,为什么最文明的人在这个世界上,仍然没有烧伤巫婆的股份。 Smart people need—no, they require—research to affirm or negate their assertions before they commit to a decision.聪明的人需要不,他们需要研究肯定或否定他们的说法之前,他们承诺的决定。

    Quite simply, “trusting” research is not about blindly accepting the results of any and every scientific experiment or market study.简单地说, “信任”的研究不是盲目接受的任何结果和每一个科学实验或市场的研究。 “Trusting” research is about recognizing that the more information we gather, the less risk of prejudicial determination, and the larger our context for making an informed decision. “信任”的研究是认识到我们更多信息收集,风险越小的损害决心,更大的范围内为我们作出了明智的决定。 Granted, in-depth research cannot be conducted all the time, especially in time-limited situations; however, I think you’ll find Sutton’s Hard Facts at least somewhat interesting.当然,深入的研究就无法进行所有的时间,尤其是在时间有限的情况下,不过,我想你会发现萨顿的确凿的事实 ,至少有些有趣。

  15. Ola Fosheim Grøstad said on 奥拉Fosheim Grøstad说,

    Hmm… IIRC Popper’s positivistic falsification argument is partially a definition of what questions he considers to be scientific and partially a嗯... IIRC波普尔的实证伪造的论点是部分的定义,什么问题他认为科学和部分是
    a critique of how research is done in the natural sciences.批评是如何做研究自然科学。 I believe his ideals are not at all common in practice, researchers tend to spend time backing up their hypothesis, not destroying it.我相信他的理想是不是在所有共同在实践中,研究人员往往花费时间支持他们的假设,而不是摧毁它。 Very human.非常人。

    “Trusting” research is about recognizing that the more information we gather, the less risk of prejudicial determination, and the larger our context for making an informed decision. “信任的研究是认识到我们更多信息收集,风险越小的损害决心,更大的范围内为我们作出了明智的决定。

    Oh, ok.哦,确定。 Well, I’d rather say that the more models we have for interpreting the world, the more likely we are to consider alternative and useful viewpoints/angles.好吧,我宁愿说,更多的模式,我们为了解释世界,就越有可能我们要考虑替代和有益的观点/角度。 “Hard facts” are usually not all that useful, our social reality is often too complex and personal to be grasped properly by simple theories. “硬事实” ,通常不是所有的有用,我们的社会现实往往是过于复杂和个人要把握正确的简单理论。 If research can provide decision makers with 3-4 perspectives rather than 1-2 perspectives then it might be for the better, if research makes decision makers trust only 1 perspective then it is bad.如果研究能够决策者提供3-4的观点,而不是1-2的观点,那这可能是更好,如果研究使决策者相信只有1观点则是坏。 :-)

  16. Morgan Ramsay said on 摩根拉姆齐说,

    Well, I’d rather say that the more models we have for interpreting the world, the more likely we are to consider alternative and useful viewpoints/angles.好吧,我宁愿说,更多的模式,我们为了解释世界,就越有可能我们要考虑替代和有益的观点/角度。

    I don’t think there’sa direct correlation between more models and likelihood of considering more models.我不认为有直接关系的模式和更多的可能性,考虑更多的模式。 That’s akin to the argument that the more choices available, the better.这是类似的论点,即提供更多的选择,更好。 Barry Schwartz, in The Paradox of Choice , makes a strong case that too many choices (or abstractly speaking, models of possible futures) can be debilitating, even paralyzing.巴里施瓦茨, 在选择的悖论 ,提出了强有力的情况下,太多的选择(或抽象地讲,可能的模式期货)可以削弱,甚至瘫痪。 The more choices, the less we investigate each unique choice, and the more we rely on the processes that practices, such as branding, manage to help people make decisions.在更多的选择,那么我们调查每一个独特的选择,我们就越依赖于进程的做法,如品牌,管理,帮助人们作出决定。

    If research can provide decision makers with 3-4 perspectives rather than 1-2 perspectives then it might be for the better, if research makes decision makers trust only 1 perspective then it is bad.如果研究能够决策者提供3-4的观点,而不是1-2的观点,那这可能是更好,如果研究使决策者相信只有1观点则是坏。

    There are situations where alternate approaches, and the mere availability of alternate approaches, to problems can be disastrous…目前情况下,候补办法,仅仅是提供替代办法,问题可能是灾难性...

  17. JuJutsu said on 柔术说,

    @inhibitor @抑制剂

    Sure thing.当然事情。 I’ve been collecting data on US biotechnology companies over the last 16 years.我一直在收集数据对美国生物技术公司在过去的16年。 I’ll send you a copy, a transparent description of where it came from [as we always have to do when sending something off to to a journal] and even some raw data to get a feel for it.我会向您发送一个副本,透明的说明它是从哪里来的[因为我们总是必须做的东西时,发出了向一个杂志] ,甚至一些原始数据的获得它的感觉。 Then I’ll ask you to use the data to show that a relationship exists there.然后我就请你利用这些数据表明,存在有关系。 Of course you have to provide a transparent description of what you did.当然,你必须提供一个透明的说明你没有。 We’ll send the results to Morgan & Ola ok?我们会并将结果传送到摩根&奥拉好吗? If you believe you can use the data to show anything I ask for, I’ll post my email address so you can get in touch.如果您认为您可以使用数据表明任何我要求,我会后我的电子邮件地址,以便您可以取得联系。

  18. Yehuda Berlinger said on 耶胡达Berlinger说,

    The positive effects were how much players enjoy the games and “a rise in the acquisition of new friendships”.产生的积极影响是多少球员享受游戏和“增加购置新的友谊” 。 The former could hardly be comparable to lack of sleep, poor health, and failing grades.前难以相比缺乏睡眠,健康状况不佳,并没有等级。 And the former is undoubtedly an illusion.和前无疑是一种幻想。 Social network “friendship” is no substitute for real friends.社会网络“友谊”是不可替代的真正的朋友。

    Interestingly the report didn’t look at simple online multiplayer gaming such as Bridge or Chess, only MMOGs vs single-player.有趣的报告并没有看简单的在线多人游戏,如桥梁或国际象棋,只有MMOGs与单一的球员。

    Yehuda耶胡达
    http://www.come2play.com http://www.come2play.com

  19. Yehuda Berlinger said on 耶胡达Berlinger说,

    Oops:哎呀:

    … the latter could hardly be comparable … ... 后者几乎无法可比...

    Yehuda耶胡达
    http://www.come2play.com http://www.come2play.com

  20. Yehuda Berlinger said on 耶胡达Berlinger说,

    Argh.啊。 I did it again.我做到了一次。 Latter, former.后者,前者。 Well, you know what I mean.那么,你知道我的意思。

    Grumble.发牢骚。

    Yehuda耶胡达
    http://www.come2play.com http://www.come2play.com

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